Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-CF3-1,2,3-Triazoles: An Efficient and Facile Approach via Click Reaction.

Incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group with 1,2,3-triazoles motifs was described. We explored a click reaction approach for regioselective synthesis of 1-susbstituted-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles in which 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) reacts with commercial 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP) to form 3,3,3-trifloropropyne (TFP) in situ. Arising from merits associated with the availability and stability of BTP, and the high efficiencies of CuI/1,10-Phenanthroline (Phen)-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of azides with alkynes, this readily performed click process takes place to form the target 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields, and with a wide azide substrate scope. The potential value of this protocol was demonstrated by its application to a gram-scale reaction.

Parental smoking in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding.

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months followed by ongoing breastfeeding to 12 months and beyond is associated with multiple benefits for both mother and child. Maternal smoking is associated with a reduction in breastfeeding. Little is known about the effect of partner smoking on breastfeeding. AIMS: This study explores the smoking behaviour of mothers and their partners in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a secondary data analysis using survey data on 1155 mothers from their third trimester of pregnancy and at six, 12 and 24 months after delivery. Survey questions included smoking status of both mother and partner and breastfeeding intention and practice. Logistic regression models were conducted at each time point. FINDINGS: Where the mother or both parents smoke, babies were less likely to be breastfed at six months of age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66) compared with families where neither parent smoked. Non-smoking mothers with smoking partners were less likely to intend to breastfeed (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.82) and their babies were less likely to be breastfed at six and 12 months of age (aOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98 and 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95 respectively). There was no difference in breastfeeding behaviour between smoking and non-smoking parents at 24 months. CONCLUSION: Smoking parents are less likely to breastfeed their babies at ages six and 12 months. Breastfeeding promotion should target both smoking mothers and smoking partners.

Mothers' sociodemographic factors and use of health professionals for child feeding advice.

This study examined sociodemographic factors associated with mothers seeking child feeding advice from health professionals (HPs). Cross-sectional analysis of survey data from linked randomized controlled trials was conducted. Surveys asked which sources of feeding information mothers used when their child was 6 months and 5 years old. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and use of information from HPs. Here, 947 and 405 mothers completed 6-month and 5-year surveys, respectively. At 6 months, multiparous mothers were less likely to seek advice from child and family health nurses (CFHNs) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.558, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.416-0.749) and other HPs (AOR: 0.706, 95% CI: 0.542-0.919), unmarried mothers were less likely to seek advice from other HPs (AOR: 0.582, 95% CI: 0.342-0.990). At 5 years, mothers with household income ≥$80,000 p.a. were less likely to seek advice from CFHNs (AOR: 0.514, 95% CI: 0.302-0.875) and working mothers less likely to seek advice from general practitioners (GPs) (AOR: 0.581, 95% CI: 0.374-0.905). Mothers born in Australia were less likely to seek information from CFHNs (AOR: 0.462, 95% CI: 0.257-0.833) and GPs (AOR: 0.431, 95% CI: 0.274-0.677). There was a greater likelihood that multiparous mothers (AOR: 2.114, 95% CI: 1.272-3.516) and mothers of children whose fathers had not attended university (AOR: 2.081, 95% CI: 1.256-3.449) had never sought advice from CFHNs, and that mothers who had not attended university (AOR: 1.769, 95% CI: 1.025-3.051), multiparous (AOR: 1.831, 95% CI: 1.105-3.035) and employed (AOR: 2.058, 95% CI: 1.135-3.733) mothers had never sought advice from other HPs. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with seeking child feeding advice from HPs may inform priorities for engaging families in health promotion.

Association between dietary intake and symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women: Evidence from a community-based observational study.

Dietary intake is considered as a crucial factor affecting mental health symptoms, particularly depression and anxiety symptoms, especially in the case of pregnant women. This study explored the role of dietary intake in depression and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women and provided evidence for primary care interventions. We enrolled 806 pregnant women in their third trimester from 14 communities in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China, from July 2019 to September 2019. The Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms. Dietary intake, demographic characteristics, BMI, and pregnancy characteristics were collected using a self-designed, structural questionnaire. A covariate-adjusted logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between mental health symptoms and dietary intake. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in our population were 7.7% (95% CI: 5.9%-9.5%) and 9.2% (95% CI: 7.2%-11.2%), respectively. Women consuming eggs and egg products once a week (OR: 3.688, 95% CI: 1.476-9.215) were more likely to have depression symptom than consumed eggs and egg products once or more per day. Consuming green leafy vegetable <2-3 times per month had a significantly greater risk for depression symptoms than consuming the same once or more per day (OR: 3.450, 95% CI: 1.145-10.393). Women who consumed eggs and egg products 2-3 times a week had an increased likelihood of experiencing anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.253, 95% CI: 1.049-4.837). Anxiety symptoms in women consuming green leafy vegetables <2-3 times per month probably increased by 3.988 times (95% CI: 1.327-11.985) compared with women consuming the same once or more per day. Consuming salted and smoked food <2-3 times per month was protective against anxiety symptoms (OR: 0.181, 95% CI: 0.040-0.828) than consuming the same every day. Implementing interventions to promote healthy dietary among pregnant women is crucial due to its association with mental health. However, future researches are warranted to confirm the reliability and causal association obtained in this study.

Associations of dietary and sedentary behaviours of pregnant women with their children's birth weight: findings from the CHAT trial in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of pregnant women's dietary and sedentary behaviours with their children's birth weight. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial, Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone, conducted in Australia. Information on mothers' socio-demographics, dietary and sedentary behaviours during pregnancy was collected by telephone survey at the third trimester. Birth weight data were extracted from the child's health record book. Multinomial logistic regression models were built to examine the associations of pregnant women's dietary and sedentary behaviours with children's birth weight. SETTING: Participating families. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women and their children. RESULTS: A total of 1132 mother-child dyads were included in the analysis. The majority of infants (87 %, n 989) were of normal birth weight (2500 g to <4000 g), 4 % (n 50) had low birth weight (<2500 g) and 8 % (n 93) had macrosomia (≥4000 g). Mothers who ate processed meat during pregnancy were more likely to have macrosomia (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 1·80, 95 % CI (1·12, 2·89)). The risk of macrosomia decreased as the number of dietary recommendations met by mothers increased (ARR 0·84, 95 % CI (0·71, 0·99)). Children's birth weight was not associated with mothers' sedentary time. Children's low birth weight was not associated with mothers' dietary and sedentary behaviours during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Maternal consumption of processed meat during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia. Increasing number of dietary recommendations met by mothers was associated with a lower risk of macrosomia. The findings suggested encouraging pregnancy women to meet dietary recommendation will benefit children's birth weight.

Social activities and long-term depressive-symptoms trajectories among middle-aged and older adults in China: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The association between social activities and depressive symptoms remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between social activities at baseline and the long-term depressive-symptoms trajectories among a cohort of middle-aged and older adults in China. Methods: This study included 13,258 participants aged 45 years and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depressive symptoms across four waves from 2011 to 2018 were evaluated using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Four types of social activities were assessed at baseline by self-report: (1) interacting with friends; (2) playing Mahjong, chess, and cards or attending a community club; (3) providing help to family, friends, or neighbors; and (4) attending a sporting or social event or club. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to map depressive-symptoms trajectories during the follow-up period. Results: Not interacting with friends at baseline was associated with an increased risk of increasing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.41) and severe-stable (aOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.65) depressive-symptoms trajectories. Participants who did not play Mahjong, cards, or chess and did not attend a sporting or social event or club at baseline were more likely to have mild-stable, decreasing, increasing, and severe-stable depressive-symptoms trajectories. Conclusion: Social activities play an important role in long-term depressive-symptoms trajectories in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Interacting with friends, attending sports, or social clubs may prevent depressive symptoms.

Association of oral status with frailty among older adults in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The oral status of an individual is a vital aspect of their overall health. However, older adults in nursing homes have a higher prevalence of frailty and poor oral health, particularly in the context of global aging. The objective of this study is to explore the association between oral status and frailty among older adults residing in nursing homes. METHODS: The study involved 1280 individuals aged 60 and above from nursing homes in Hunan province, China. A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL scale) was used to evaluate physical frailty, while the Oral Health Assessment Tool was used to assess oral status. The frequency of tooth brushing was classified as never, once a day, and twice or more a day. The traditional multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between oral status and frailty. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated while controlling for other confounding factors. RESULTS: The study found that the prevalence of frailty among older adults living in nursing homes was 53.6%, while the prevalence of pre-frailty was 36.3%. After controlling for all potential confounding factors, mouth changes requiring monitoring (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.34-3.31, P = 0.001) and unhealthy mouth (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.61-4.06, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased odds of frailty among older adults in nursing homes. Similarly, both mouth changes requiring monitoring (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.20-3.06, P = 0.007) and unhealthy mouth (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.39-3.63, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of pre-frailty. Moreover, brushing teeth twice or more times a day was found to be significantly associated with a lower prevalence of both pre-frailty (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34-0.88, P = 0.013) and frailty (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.32-0.78, P = 0.002). Conversely, never brushing teeth was significantly associated with higher odds of pre-frailty (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.09-3.05, P = 0.022) and frailty (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.06-2.88, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Mouth changes that require monitoring and unhealthy mouth increase the likelihood of frailty among older adults in nursing homes. On the other hand, those who brush their teeth frequently have a lower prevalence of frailty. However, further research is needed to determine whether improving the oral status of older adults can change their level of frailty.

Effects of drought and rehydration on root gene expression in seedlings of Pinus massoniana Lamb.

The mechanisms underlying plant response to drought involve the expression of numerous functional and regulatory genes. Transcriptome sequencing based on the second- and/or third-generation high-throughput sequencing platforms has proven to be powerful for investigating the transcriptional landscape under drought stress. However, the full-length transcriptomes related to drought responses in the important conifer genus Pinus L. remained to be delineated using the third-generation sequencing technology. With the objectives of identifying the candidate genes responsible for drought and/or rehydration and clarifying the expression profile of key genes involved in drought regulation, we combined the third- and second-generation sequencing techniques to perform transcriptome analysis on seedling roots under drought stress and rewatering in the drought-tolerant conifer Pinus massoniana Lamb. A sum of 294,114 unique full-length transcripts were produced with a mean length of 3217 bp and N50 estimate of 5075 bp, including 279,560 and 124,438 unique full-length transcripts being functionally annotated and Gene Ontology enriched, respectively. A total of 4076, 6295 and 18,093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pair-wise comparisons of drought-treatment versus control transcriptomes, including 2703, 3576 and 8273 upregulated and 1373, 2719 and 9820 downregulated DEGs, respectively. Moreover, 157, 196 and 691 DEGs were identified as transcription factors in the three transcriptome comparisons and grouped into 26, 34 and 44 transcription factor families, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that a remarkable number of DEGs were enriched in soluble sugar-related and cell wall-related processes. A subset of 75, 68 and 97 DEGs were annotated to be associated with starch, sucrose and raffinose metabolism, respectively, while 32 and 70 DEGs were associated with suberin and lignin biosynthesis, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed modules and hub genes closely related to drought and rehydration. This study provides novel insights into root transcriptomic changes in response to drought dynamics in Masson pine and serves as a fundamental work for further molecular investigation on drought tolerance in conifers.

Associations between health literacy, digital skill, and eHealth literacy among older Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Digital divide in health-related technology use is a prominent issue for older adults. Improving eHealth literacy may be an important solution to this problem. This study aimed to explore the associations between health literacy, digital skills, and eHealth literacy among older Chinese adults. Methods: A total of 2,144 older adults (mean age, 72.01 ± 6.96 years) from Jinan City, China participated in this study. The eHealth Literacy Scale was used to measure eHealth literacy in older adults. A linear regression model was used to analyze the associations among health literacy, digital skills, and eHealth literacy in older Chinese adults. Results: The mean eHealth literacy score of the older adults was 17.56 ± 9.61. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and experience of Internet usage, the results of the linear regression showed that health literacy (B = 0.258, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.215-0.302, P< 0.001) and digital skills (B = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.587-0.720, P < 0.001) were positively associated with eHealth literacy. Sensitivity analyses revealed that this association remained robust. Conclusions: The level of eHealth literacy in older Chinese adults is low. Health literacy and digital skills are associated with eHealth literacy in older adults. In the future, eHealth literacy intervention research should be considered from the perspective of health literacy and digital skills.

Association between Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are currently one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies provide evidence that maternal Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms probably play a key role by affecting the biological function of vitamin D in some adverse pregnancy outcomes, while the relationship between the VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of HDP remains controversial in current studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association of the VDR gene polymorphisms with HDP susceptibility. Methods: This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and a protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022344383) before commencing this review. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched until January 21, 2023. Case-control and cohort studies that reported the association of the VDR gene polymorphisms with HDP were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for non-randomized studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the five models (allele model, dominant model, recessive model, homozygous model, heterozygous model) were pooled respectively, and subgroup analysis was performed based on ethnicity. Results: A total of ten studies were included. The VDR gene ApaI polymorphism was associated with HDP susceptibility in the dominant model (OR: 1.38; 95% CI [1.07-1.79]; P = 0.014) and the heterozygote model (OR: 1.48; 95% CI [1.12-1.95]; P = 0.006). In subgroup analysis, the heterozygote model (OR: 2.06; 95% CI [1.21-3.52]; P = 0.008) of the ApaI polymorphism was associated with HDP in Asians, but not in Caucasians. Conclusion: The VDR gene ApaI polymorphism may be associated with HDP susceptibility. Insufficient evidence to support the existence of ethnic differences in this association.

Twelve-month effectiveness of telephone and SMS support to mothers with children aged 2 years in reducing children's BMI: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Few quality intervention studies have assessed whether a combined telephone and short message service (SMS) intervention to mothers is effective in reducing BMI and obesity risk behaviors of children at 3 years of age. This study aimed to assess effectiveness of telephone and SMS support in reducing children's body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 662 women of 2-year-old children (with the proportion of overweight and obesity being similar to the general population) was conducted in Sydney, Australia, March 2019-October 2020. The mothers in the intervention group received three telephone support sessions plus SMS messages and mailed-intervention-booklets over a 12 months period i.e., 24-26, 28-30, and 32-34 months of the child's age. Mothers in the control group received usual care and two mailed booklets on information not related to the intervention. The primary outcome was child's BMI at 3 years of age. Secondary outcomes were children's dietary and activity behaviors. All outcome measures were based on mothers' self-report using standardized tools due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. RESULTS: 537 (81%) mothers completed the post-intervention assessment at 3 years with only 470 (71%) children having weight and height measures. Multiple imputation analysis showed no statistically significant difference in mean BMI between the groups. Children in the intervention group were more likely not to eat in front of the TV [AOR 1.79 (95% CI 1.17-2.73), P = 0.008], more likely to meet the dietary recommendations [AOR 1.73 (95% CI 0.99-3.02), P = 0.054] and meet the activity recommendations [AOR 1.72 (95% CI 1.11-2.67), P = 0.015] than those in the control group respectively. Among those with an annual household income (

Effectiveness and co-benefits of a telephone-based intervention in reducing obesity risk of children aged 2-4 years: findings from a pragmatic randomised controlled trial during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of effective early childhood obesity prevention is scarce and mainly derived from face-to-face interventions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic drastically reduced face-to-face health programmes globally. This study assessed effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention in reducing obesity risk of young children. METHODS: We adapted a study protocol (developed before the pandemic) and conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of 662 women with children aged 2 years (mean age 24·06 months [SD 0·69]) during March, 2019, and October, 2021, extending the original planned intervention of 12 months to 24 months. The adapted intervention comprised five telephone-based support sessions plus text messages over a 24-month period (at child ages 24-26 months, 28-30 months, 32-34 months, 36-38 months, and 42-44 months). The intervention group (n=331) received staged telephone plus SMS support regarding healthy eating, physical activity, and information about COVID-19. The control group (n=331) received four staged mail-outs on information not related to the obesity prevention intervention, such as toilet training, language development, and sibling relationships, as a retention strategy. The intervention effects on BMI (primary outcome) and eating habits (secondary outcome), and perceived co-benefits, were evaluated using surveys and qualitative telephone interviews at 12 months and 24 months after baseline (age 2 years). The trial is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12618001571268. FINDINGS: Of 662 mothers, 537 (81%) completed the follow-up assessments at 3 years, and 491 (74%) completed the follow-up assessment at 4 years. Multiple imputation analysis showed no significant difference in mean BMI between the groups. Among low-income families (ie, annual household income

Revision of brief health literacy assessment scale among the older adults and its reliability and validity test. / è€å¹´äººç®€çŸ­å¥åº·ç´ å »è¯„ä¼°é‡è¡¨çš„ä¿®è®¢åŠä¿¡æ•ˆåº¦æ£€éªŒ.

OBJECTIVES: The development and validation of the specific health literacy assessment tool for older adults is the basis for conducting the research on health literacy among older adults. The existing health literacy assessment scale for older adults in Chinese mainland has some limitations, such as too many items and poor compliance during the survey. It is necessary to develop or introduce simplified assessment tools to support large-scale surveys in the future. This study aims to modify the brief health literacy assessment scale compiled by Taiwan scholars, and to conduct the test for the reliability, validity and the measurement equivalence across gender in the older population in mainland China. METHODS: From March to April 2021, 508 older adults from Jinan, Shandong Province, China were selected by cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey using the brief health literacy assessment scale and health-promoting lifestyle profile. After 4 weeks, 83 of them were selected for retesting. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for descriptive analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability test, and Mplus 8.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and gender measurement equivalence test. RESULTS: Each item of the scale had good discrimination, and there were significant differences in the scores of each item between high score and low score groups (P<0.05), and the coefficient of correlation between the scores of each item and the total score was between 0.721 and 0.891. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a factor with a characteristic root greater than 1, and the cumulative variance interpretation amount was 67.94%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single factor structure fit was good [χ2/df was 2.260, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.973, the comparison fit index (CFI) was 0.982, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.071]. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the brief health literacy assessment scale's configural equivalence, weak equivalence, and strong equivalence models were all accepted. The comparison results of measurement equivalence models showed that the changes of RMSEA were less than 0.015, and the changes of CFI were less than 0.01, indicating that the brief health literacy assessment scale had measurement equivalence between different gender groups. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.945, and the test-retest reliability was 0.946. The correlation coefficient between health literacy and health-promotion lifestyles was 0.557 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The brief health literacy assessment scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence across gender, and can be used as an effective measurement tool for the health literacy of the older people in Chinese mainland.

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Nursing Home Adjustment Scale (C-NHAS) in Central China: Classical test theory and item response theory.

Evidence for the nursing home adjustment scale (NHAS)' s applicability in less developed regions of China is still absent. Besides, there is a need to provide further validity evidence for the NHAS using modern test theory. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the NHAS (C-NHAS) in a sample of nursing home residents in central China. A total of 761 older adults who lived in 21 nursing homes in Hunan Province, China, were investigated from July 2021 to December 2021. The C-NHAS yielded a four-factor structure and showed good reliability and validity. The difficulty of items matched most individuals' ability, while a small number of individuals with low ability had no items for matching. The results indicated the C-NHAS is a reliable and valid instrument while the high difficulty may restrict the performance of the C-NHAS among the less educated older adults.

Gout and risk of venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: The association between gout and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains ambiguous, and the results of current studies are inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies were conducted to comprehensively assess the associations between gout and VTE and its subtypes, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up to June 2021, to identify eligible cohort studies, reporting the association of gout with VTE and its subtypes. We pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were also conducted. RESULTS: Five studies involving 642 632 individuals were included. Patients with gout had a statistically significantly higher risk of VTE (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.46; P < .001) compared with non-gout controls, and significant associations were also found between gout and DVT (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.62; P < .001) and PE (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.30; P = .001). Subgroup analysis showed this association in men (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.65; P = .001) and women (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.53; P < .001) were consistent (P = .980). Meta-regression analysis revealed publication year (P = .005) and quality of study (P = .006) contributed to heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study provided evidence that gout was associated with the risk of VTE and its subtypes DVT and PE. However, more prospective and high-quality clinical evidence is required to confirm our findings.

Estimation and feasibility of correction modelling for mother-reported child height and weight at 2 years using data from the Australian CHAT trial.

Correction modelling using reported BMI values has been employed in adolescent and adult populations to improve the accuracy of self-reporting. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of establishing correction modelling for mother-reported child height and weight at 2 years using data from an Australian trial in 2019. Correction modelling for BMI was conducted using mother-reported and objectively measured height and weight of 2-year-olds. Mother-reported height, weight and BMI values of 2-year-old children were adjusted based on objectively measured anthropometric data using linear regression models. 'Direct' and 'indirect' corrections were applied to the correction of BMI values. We defined the direct collection as using corrected BMI values that were predicted directly by the model and indirect correction as using corrected weight and height values to calculate corrected BMI values. Corrected BMI values via the indirect correction showed higher sensitivity or similar specificity in predicting overweight status, compared to the direct correction, and also showed higher agreement with measured values compared to the mother-reported measures. Corrected self-reported measures via an indirect correction had a better accuracy and agreement with the objectively measured data in the BMI values and classification of overweight, compared to the mother-reported values.

Identification of CD73 as a Novel Biomarker Encompassing the Tumor Microenvironment, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Responses in Various Cancers.

CD73 is essential in promoting tumor growth by prohibiting anti-tumor immunity in many cancer types. While the mechanism remains largely unknown, our paper comprehensively confirmed the onco-immunological characteristics of CD73 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pan-cancer. This paper explored the expression pattern, mutational profile, prognostic value, tumor immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy of CD73 in a continuous cohort of cancers through various computational tools. The co-expression of CD73 on cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME was also detected. Especially, we examined the correlation between CD73 and CD8+ (a marker of T cell), CD68+ (a marker of macrophage), and CD163+ (a marker of M2 macrophage) cells using multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays. CD73 expression is significantly associated with a patient's prognosis and could be a promising predictor of these cancers. High CD73 levels are strongly linked to immune infiltrations, neoantigens, and immune checkpoint expression in the TME. In particular, enrichment signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that CD73 was obviously related to activation pathways of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Meanwhile, single-cell sequencing algorithms found that CD73 is predominantly co-expressed on cancer cells, CAFs, M2 macrophages, and T cells in several cancers. In addition, we explored the cellular communication among 14 cell types in glioblastoma (GBM) based on CD73 expression. Based on the expression of CD73 as well as macrophage and T cell markers, we predicted the methylation and enrichment pathways of these markers in pan-cancer. Furthermore, a lot of therapeutic molecules sensitive to these markers were predicted. Finally, potential anticancer inhibitors, immunotherapies, and gene therapy responses targeting CD73 were identified from a series of immunotherapy cohorts. CD73 is closely linked to clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in many cancers. Targeting CD73-dependent signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic strategy for future tumor immunotherapy.

Evaluation of reliability and validity regarding the Chinese version of Critical Cultural Competence Scale for clinical nurses. / 临床护士评判性文化能力量表的汉化及信效度评价.

OBJECTIVES: Patients from different social environments and cultural backgrounds have different nursing needs. If nurses ignore the cultural differences of patients, it is easy to lead to the strained nurse-patient relationship, affect the nursing effect and cause harm to patients. Critical cultural competence (CCC) can help nurses to meet the nursing needs of patients from different cultural backgrounds, which is beneficial to building a harmonious nurse-patient relationship and improving the quality of nursing. Almutairi, et al designed the Critical Cultural Competence Scale (CCCS) which can be used to evaluate accurately nurses' CCC. No studies have reported the development of a critical cultural competence measurement tool for nurses or the introduction of foreign scales in China. This study aims to conduct Chinese and cross-cultural debugging and test the reliability of the English version of the CCCS in order to form CCCS suitable for Chinese cultural background and provide an effective evaluation tool for investigating the current situation of clinical nurses' CCC. METHODS: This study used Brislin's back-translation model to translate and back-translation the English version of CCCS. The Chinese version of CCCS was then created through cross-cultural debugging by expert consultation and a pre-survey with a sample size of 30 clinical nurses. From August to October 2019, 580 clinical nurses were surveyed using a whole group sampling method. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups with a 7꞉3 ratio. One group (n=406) was used for exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, while the other group (n=174) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Six experts used the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) to assess content validity. In the exploratory factor analysis, items were screened using the critical ratio method, and were tested using the KMO (Kalser-Meyer-Olkin) index, Bartlett's sphericity test, and principal component analysis. In the confirmatory factor analysis, average variance extracted (AVE), goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to assess the degree of fit of the constructed model. For the total scale and the 4 subscales, the Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability, and retest reliability were used to assess the scale's reliability. RESULTS: The S-CVI was 0.930, while the I-CVI ranged from 0.833 to 0.944. For all items, the critical ratio exceeded 3, and the difference between the high and low subgroups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Exploratory factor analysis revealed critical knowledge subscale had a KMO value of 0.676, with the total scale and other 3 subscales all having a KMO value >0.8 and a chi-square value of 814.32 to 12 442.45 for the Bartlett's spherical test, with degree of freedom ranging from 21 to 136 (P<0.001), indicating that all items were suitable for factor analysis. The principal component analysis showed that 17, 12, 7, and 7 items were extracted from the 4 subscales, with 4, 3, 2, and 2 components whose eigenvalues were more than 1, and the cumulative variance contribution was 66.0%, 54.3%, 56.6%, and 70.2%, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the AVE of the 4 subscales were 0.637, 0.499, 0.560, and 0.565, GFI was 0.904, AGFI was 0.863, and RMSEA was 0.076. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale and subscales ranged from 0.811 to 0.878, the split-half reliability ranged from 0.707 to 0.842, and the retest reliability was 0.827. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the CCCS has good reliability and validity, and it can be used as a valid assessment tool for clinical nurses' critical cultural competence in China.

Correction of presbyopia. / 老视的矫治方法.

Presbyopia, a progressive visual difficulty caused by weakened physiological regulation, is one of the main causes of visual impairment in people over 40 years old. Currently, the main methods of correction of presbyopia include optical correction, surgical correction, and drug treatment, which can improve the visual nearness disorder to some extent. Optical correction is the most common way with advantages of safety, which can adjust the lens parameters at any time, while cause kinds of inconvenience in life by wearing and taking off glasses frequently. Surgical intervention, including corneal surgery, lens surgery and scleral surgery, with certain advantages and disadvantages in each operation style. New pharmaceutical agents are expected to be a new and effective method for the treatment of presbyopia, but it lacks multicenter randomized controlled trials and evidence-based medicine evidence to evaluate the safety and effectiveness.

Insomnia, sleep duration, and risk of anxiety: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: The effect of insomnia and sleep duration on risk of anxiety has been assessed based on traditional epidemiological studies. However, the inconsistent conclusions do not establish causal associations. This study aimed to explore the causal associations of insomnia, short sleep, and long sleep with anxiety. METHODS: We used summary statistics from three large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry to perform a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. MR analyses were mainly conducted with the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method. To evaluate the robustness of our findings, we performed the weighted-median approach, the MR-Egger method, and the MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method for sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association of genetically predicted insomnia with anxiety using the IVW method (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.23-1.51, P < 0.001). Genetically predicted short sleep was potentially associated with anxiety using IVW method (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.08-2.60, P = 0.022). However, sensitivity analyses did not find the causal association of short sleep with anxiety (all P > 0.053). We did not observe a statistically significant causal association of genetically predicted long sleep with anxiety (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.48-1.74, P = 0.775). CONCLUSIONS: We found strong evidence that insomnia but not short sleep and long sleep has a causal effect on anxiety. The characteristics of insomnia should be incorporated into anxiety prevention and intervention strategies, which have important public health significance.